Alcohol, cannabis, prescription medicine, fatigue and the phone. What impairment actually does to driving, what the law expects of a new driver, and why distraction belongs in the same lesson.
About 7 minutes to read6 Ontario questions on thisLast reviewed 2026-08-27
Worth remembering
Only time removes alcohol from the body. Coffee, food, air and a shower do nothing.
Every province requires zero alcohol for drivers in the graduated system; penalties and suspensions are provincial.
Impaired driving carries both federal criminal consequences and provincial licence consequences for the same event.
Refusing a lawful roadside breath demand is an offence in itself.
Legal cannabis is not permission to drive after using it, and roadside testing covers drugs as well as alcohol.
Prescription and over the counter medicines can impair. Read the label and ask a pharmacist.
Fatigue produces microsleeps you never notice. The only fix is to stop and rest.
Handheld phone use is banned everywhere in Canada, including while stopped at a light, and distraction is about attention rather than hands.
What impairment does to a driver
Driving is a task of watching, judging and acting, over and over, in that order. Anything that slows one of those three steps makes you a worse driver, and impairment slows all three at once. Alcohol lengthens reaction time, narrows attention onto whatever is straight ahead, blurs the judgement of speed and distance, and, worst of all, makes the driver feel that everything is going fine. A drinker who feels capable is showing an early symptom, not making an assessment.
Nothing speeds the process up. Coffee, a cold shower, fresh air and food do not remove alcohol from the body; only time does. A driver who feels sober the morning after a heavy night may still be impaired, which is why the safest plan is made before the first drink rather than after the last one: somebody else drives, transit takes you, or you stay put.
Canada treats impaired driving as one of the most serious offences on the road, and both federal criminal law and provincial licence law apply to the same event. A driver can face criminal charges and, separately, an immediate roadside licence suspension and vehicle impoundment under provincial rules. Police may demand a breath sample at the roadside, and refusing to give one is itself an offence.
The rules for learners and new drivers
Every province in Canada requires drivers in the graduated licensing system to have no alcohol in their body at all while driving. There is no allowance and no small amount that is acceptable. The same zero expectation applies to drugs that impair. The penalty for breaking it, and how long it sets your progress back, are set by each province, so check your own province page for the figures.
That zero rule is stricter than the general limit that applies to fully licensed drivers, and it exists for a plain reason: a new driver is already using most of their attention on the basic task of driving, and has the least experience to fall back on when something goes wrong. Many provinces extend the same zero requirement to all drivers under a certain age, whatever licence they hold.
The exact blood alcohol limits, the warning ranges that trigger a short roadside suspension, the penalties and the length of every suspension are provincial numbers, and they change. Use the page for your province rather than a figure remembered from somewhere else, and never rely on a number you saw in a film or in another country.
Cannabis, medicine and fatigue
Cannabis being legal to buy does not make it legal to drive after using it. It affects reaction time, attention and the ability to judge distance, and the impairment can last well beyond the point where the person feels high. Police test for drug impairment at the roadside as well as alcohol, and the criminal offence is impaired driving whatever the substance was.
Prescription and over the counter medicine belongs in the same lesson. Antihistamines, sleep aids, strong painkillers, some cough medicines and some anxiety medicines all cause drowsiness or slowed reaction. Read the label, ask a pharmacist whether it affects driving, and take the warning seriously. Mixing any of them with alcohol multiplies the effect rather than adding to it.
Fatigue impairs a driver in much the same way as alcohol: slower reactions, poorer judgement and wandering attention. The dangerous part is the microsleep, a few seconds of unconsciousness the driver does not notice, during which the vehicle travels a long way unattended. If you are yawning, drifting in your lane, missing exits or cannot remember the last stretch of road, the answer is to stop and rest, not to open a window. On a long drive, plan breaks before you set out and share the driving where you can.
A waiting area at a public service office. The sitting itself is short. The paperwork around it is what takes the morning.
The phone, and every other distraction
Every province in Canada bans holding or using a handheld phone while driving, and the ban applies while you are stopped in traffic or waiting at a light, because you are still in charge of a vehicle in a live lane. Hands free use is permitted in most places, subject to the conditions each province sets, and several provinces restrict even that for drivers in the graduated system. Penalties are provincial and heavy, and they usually include points against your record as well as a fine.
The reason for the law is not the hand holding the phone. It is the attention. Reading a message takes your eyes off the road for long enough to cover a startling amount of ground blind, and even a conversation on a hands free device pulls part of your mind off the task. A distracted driver looks straight at a hazard and does not see it, which is why the collisions look like nobody braked at all.
Phones are the obvious case and far from the only one. Eating, reaching for something on the floor, programming a navigation system while moving, turning around to deal with passengers, loud arguments in the car, grooming and watching something happening at the roadside all take attention away. Set up everything before you move: mirrors, seat, music, route, phone on do not disturb, and anything you might want within reach. If something needs your attention while driving, pull over somewhere safe and deal with it stopped.
What examiners and police both look for
On a road test, a phone in your hand ends the test. So does any sign that you are not fit to drive. But the deeper point is what impairment and distraction have in common: both remove the margin you have been building all through the rest of this material. Following distance, early scanning, the head check and speed suited to conditions all exist to buy you time, and an impaired or distracted driver spends that time before the hazard even appears.
The one habit worth carrying out of this lesson is deciding in advance. Decide how you are getting home before you go out. Decide that the phone is away before you start the engine. Decide to stop when you are tired rather than negotiating with yourself at the wheel. Decisions made in advance hold up much better than decisions made by a tired driver in a moving car.
What Ontario does differently
Everything above holds across Canada. This part does not, and it is the part a Ontario examiner can ask about.
Ontario rule
The rules Ontario applies to novice drivers alone
Two sets of rules apply to you at once as a new Ontario driver: the ones that apply to everybody, and the stricter ones that apply only while you hold a G1 or a G2. The second set bites faster.
Alcohol first. A G1 or G2 driver must have none in their system. The young driver rule adds the same zero requirement for drivers below an age the ministry publishes, whatever stage they hold. A reading above zero at the roadside means an immediate suspension on the spot, before any court date and before any conviction, because the suspension is an administrative act rather than a sentence.
Handheld devices are banned for every driver in Ontario, but the penalty for a novice driver differs in kind rather than in size. A fully licensed driver convicted of distracted driving pays a fine and takes demerit points. A G1 or G2 driver faces a suspension of the licence for a first conviction, and a longer one after that. Hands free calling stays legal, and it is still the thing that makes drivers miss the cyclist on the right.
Demerit points count against a lower threshold for novice drivers than for full licence holders, so the sequence of warning letters, interviews and suspensions starts sooner. Serious offences can send you back a stage or cancel the licence and put you at the beginning again. The current thresholds and penalty amounts are published by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation and they do change, so check them at the source rather than assuming that a figure from last year still holds.
Where people get this wrong
What people think
I know my limit and I drive fine after a couple of drinks.
What is actually true
Feeling capable is one of the first things alcohol changes. Self assessment is the ability that goes early, which is why the law uses measurement rather than opinion.
What people think
Coffee and fresh air will sober me up before I drive.
What is actually true
They may make you feel more alert while your reaction time, judgement and vision remain impaired. Alcohol leaves the body at its own pace and nothing changes it.
What people think
Using my phone at a red light is allowed because I am stopped.
What is actually true
You are still driving in the eyes of the law, in a live lane, in charge of the vehicle. Every province treats picking up the phone at a light as the same offence as using it while moving.
What people think
Hands free is safe, so I can hold a full conversation.
What is actually true
Hands free is legal in most places, not free of cost. The attention the call takes is what causes drivers to look at a hazard without seeing it. Keep calls short or leave them.
What people think
I can push through tiredness for the last stretch of the drive.
What is actually true
A microsleep lasts a few seconds and you will not know it happened. Stopping to sleep is the only fix, and planning the breaks before you leave is easier than deciding at the wheel.
Check yourself
Three questions from the Ontario bank on impaired and distracted driving. Answer them in your head first, then open the answer to see the rule it comes from.
Impaired and distracted driving1 of 3
You hold a G1 and you have had a single drink at a family dinner. You feel completely normal and the drive home is short.
AYou must not drive, because a novice driver has to have no alcohol at all
BDriving is fine, because you are under the legal limit for alcohol
CDriving is fine as long as your accompanying driver has had nothing
DDriving is fine if you wait an hour first
Show the answer
The answer is A. You must not drive, because a novice driver has to have no alcohol at all
Novice drivers, and every driver aged 21 and under, must have no alcohol in their body while driving. The limit that applies to fully licensed adult drivers is not the limit that applies to you, and being caught above zero brings an immediate roadside suspension. Feeling fine is not a measurement, it is a guess.
Highway Traffic Act (Ontario)
Impaired and distracted driving2 of 3
You are stopped at a red light and pick up your phone to read a message that has just arrived.
AThat is allowed, because the car is not moving
BThat is allowed if you hold the phone below the window line
CThat is allowed when the light is a long one
DThat is an offence, because you are still driving while stopped in traffic
Show the answer
The answer is D. That is an offence, because you are still driving while stopped in traffic
Sitting at a light or in a jam still counts as driving, because you are in control of a vehicle on the road. The ban covers holding or using a hand held device, and it says nothing about whether the wheels are turning. If you genuinely need the phone, pull off the road somewhere legal where you are not blocking traffic.
Highway Traffic Act (Ontario)
Impaired and distracted driving3 of 3
You want to use your phone for directions on a long drive.
AHold it low in your lap and glance at it only at lights
BHold it against the rim of the wheel so both hands stay on the wheel
CMount it in a cradle, set the route before you move off, and use voice commands after that
DUse it freely, since navigation is not the same as texting
Show the answer
The answer is C. Mount it in a cradle, set the route before you move off, and use voice commands after that
The law is about holding and handling the device, not about which app is open, so navigation gets no special pass. A phone in a cradle, set up before you drive and controlled by voice, keeps your hands and your eyes where they belong. The one reason to pick a phone up while driving is to call emergency services in an emergency.
Highway Traffic Act (Ontario)
Now go and answer some questions
The Ontario bank holds 6 questions on impaired and distracted driving. Answering them now, while the lesson is fresh, is how you find the parts that only felt clear.
